2. Enter some list of text in sheet2. Type any name in Name Box. Eg. “Test”

3. Go to any other sheet now. Eg Sheet1

4. Select any cell and go to Data Menu –> Data Validation

5. In the settings tab, select “List” in Allow and type “=Test” in Source fields.

6.  That’s it. Now the list will be included into the selected cell.

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2. It will open the user account window.

3. Uncheck “Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer”.

4. Enter the password twice to confirm this action.

5. Now your OS is ready to login without asking the password.

The easy way to remove the service from the service list is,

1. Open command prompt

2. type  “sc delete <service name>

3. Restart your computer.

Now the service will be removed from the service list

The list of useful commands being very vast,here I will try to focus on a few related ones.

1) whatis- search the whatis database for complete words

syntax: whatis <command-name>

example: whatis find

This is a sort of minimal manual page. Prints a small description that is stored in the whatis database,corresponding to each command. Note: The command name must be an exact match

2) apropos- it does something similar to whatis,but searches many more databases and that too based on keywords,not exact matches

It might be useful if you don’t exactly remember a command’s name.

example: apropos wget

3) uname

This is used to display details of the current system,kernel,logged in user and time.

It has many switches to choose all of these or only few.

example: uname -r gives the kernel information

4) whoami

The command speaks for itself. It just prints current logged in user name.

5) which -shows the full path of (shell) commands

syntax: which <command-name>

This is again similar to whatis,but instead of printing descriptions,it will give the paths of the required command if it exists. This man page is generated from the file which.texinfo.  Note: It only searches in the paths in $PATH variable of the enviroment

6) write -send a message to another user

This is a useful tool if you are in a network of linux systems. You can chat via the terminal.(No blocking or stuff like that  ) We used to do this in college during labs.

syntax: write user [ttyname]

You can append the IP address to user name so as to communicate with users logged into other systems(user@ip)

7)cat – concatenate files and print on the standard output

This is used for viewing or concatenating files. Very useful for  a quick glance of a file’s contents. But it is recommended no to use cat for redirecting contents to any other commands. Its not an efficient manner to do it.

I guess I will stop it here for now.. adios

Create a file named space ( in my case)

#/bin/bash

df -H|awk ‘BEGIN{i=0;j=0} $1~/\/dev/ \

{if($4~/M$/){i=i+($4/1000)}else{i=i+$4};j=j+$2} \

END{print”Free space:”i” GB”;print”Total Space:”j” GB”;print”Percentage Free:”i/j*100″%”}’

Save it,and make it executable by doing

chmod +x space

and additionally put it in one of the bash environment paths. I put it into /usr/bin

Then you can call this tool from anywhere using just the name “space”

It is self explaining enough.

Sample output is:

vivek@vivek-desktop:~$ space

Free space:31.6 GB

Total Space:252 GB

Percentage Free:12.5397%

That’s all. It relies on basic shell operations like piping and the use of awk language for filtering fields in the text.

Ciao

df – Show disk usage of mounted partitions (Very useful while managing disks)

A variation df -H gives in human readable(i.e more readable) format

ps – Lists details of all running processes

This one alone has lots of switches/options to explore. Do a man ps for detailed information

head – To get the first few(by default 10) lines of  file passed as argument

Very useful if you want to read only the start of a large file(log files/manuals etc)

tail – To get the last few(by default 10) lines of file passed as argument

Utility same as head,but used more for checking logs with -f option for realtime updating

top – Displays system memory,cpu usage and significant processes running in realtime

Useful for monitoring changes in system for testing/diagnostic purposes

nc – Netcat(now I am not sure if its builtin bash tool or not)

This is called the TCP/IP swiss army knife. Can be used for a variety of network operations ranging from simple file/byte transfers to hacking. Has a huge number of options to explore for the enthusiastic hackers out there

touch – A simple command to create files on the fly

It creates new files with null data if filename already doesn’t exist. If it does,it is used to update the access times of files( many a time to adjust things )

apt-get moo- Time to have some  fun

Its an easter egg in debian based distros( I have tested it in debian and ubuntu). If you have apt installed in your distro,please try this  and its funny continuations of

apt-get -v moo

apt-get -vv moo

apt-get -vvv moo

apt-get -vvvv moo

apt-get -vvvvv moo

aptitude-vvvvvv moo

Too much eh? The developers were out for some fun i guess….

I guess I will keep it short for now and come up with a selection of interesting commands later on..adios